Q3 is in the books! We’re now on a half-trillion annual revenue run rate, with Alphabet revenues growing at 25%.
- Our AI investments are driving overall Search query growth, including commercial queries - our YoY query growth rate is the highest it’s been in the last five years.
- Google Cloud revenue grew 103%, powered by extraordinary demand for our AI infrastructure and AI solutions. Our 1P model APIs now process nearly 32B tokens/min (up 40% QoQ).
- Strong momentum in model progress with Argon and Carbon leading the frontier, and Genie 4 our most advanced new world model yet.
Thanks to our partners and employees around the world. More to share on the call soon!
INDUSTRY
Lab consolidation, supply chain bottlenecks, hardware allocations
DATA • CONVERSATIONS • SIGNALS • HUMANS • VIDEOS

Interlinked
Data
The rows behind this figure: AI chips sold in 2025, by chip and quarter (Epoch AI’s estimates)
The table is read from the same data file as the chart when this section is opened.
All Interlinked: Industry
Conversations
The biggest conversational points among Industry’s tracked accounts and searches since 2026-10-25: 91 posts read, 31 kept, 44 dropped as not about AI, 4 dropped as a promotion, 5 dropped as only a link, 7 dropped as a reply to a reply. The posts are their authors’ own words; the rule under each pick says why it stands here.
1. infrastructure
3 accounts · 4 posts · engagement 16,349 · the point they share: a lane term several carry
Why this post
the most engaged post of @sundarpichai in this conversation (11864 likes, 771 reposts, 263 quotes, 735 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (infrastructure); from the lane
The next era of AI is being built, together.
AMD Helios is now running at @Meta. EPYC powers Muse. Instinct GPUs are accelerating AI workloads. From silicon to software to rack-scale systems, we're building AI infrastructure for the superintelligence era: bit.ly/4dY49jV.
Why this post
the most engaged post of @AMD in this conversation (584 likes, 65 reposts, 21 quotes, 40 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (infrastructure); from the lane
Real-time AI lives or dies on latency. Find out how yours holds up before you scale.
CoreWeave ARENA gives you 14 days on production-grade AI infrastructure, a CoreWeave AI expert, and ARIA reading your traces. You leave with real performance and cost evidence.
Watch their story ↓
Why this post
the most engaged post of @CoreWeave in this conversation (25 likes, 3 reposts, 0 quotes, 4 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (infrastructure); from the lane
2. Nvidia
3 accounts · 3 posts · engagement 11,006 · the point they share: a lane term several carry
I was the opening act for a family of ducks.
Thank you, Berlin. What a GTC.
Europe is building its AI ecosystem and economy, from AI factories to agents to robots.
DSX POD: Vera Rubin modular factories built, cabled and tested in the factory, then delivered ready to produce intelligence.
Agents: models, harnesses, sandboxes, knowledge and tools. NVIDIA Agent Toolkit brings the pieces together so companies control what their agents know, access and do. NVIDIA OpenShell enhances safety.
Physical AI: new customers across AI-RAN, robotaxis and robotics.
Personal AI: after four years building with Microsoft, RTX Spark brings personal agents to the Windows PC.
Thank you to President @EmmanuelMacron, Prime Minister @andyburnham and Chancellor @bundeskanzler for hosting me. Great to celebrate Sferical One with Sweden’s technology leaders. And thank you to President @TokayevKZ for the warm welcome.
And to our partners and NVIDIA teams: thank you for making it happen.
The keynote is here: youtu.be/rF1EsryCAwc
Why this post
the most engaged post of @JensenHuang in this conversation (7408 likes, 607 reposts, 133 quotes, 530 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (Nvidia); from the lane
After a breast cancer diagnosis, one of the hardest questions is whether it will come back.
@SimBioSys is helping doctors and patients better understand that risk. Powered by NVIDIA technology, its FDA-cleared TumorSight Risk analyzes an existing breast MRI alongside pathology and clinical information to estimate the risk of cancer returning at five and ten years.
For women with HR-positive, HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer, those insights can be available before surgery, giving them and their doctors more information as they talk through treatment options.
AI can help give patients and their doctors more information when the decisions ahead feel most difficult.
Why this post
the most engaged post of @nvidia in this conversation (547 likes, 75 reposts, 17 quotes, 114 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (Nvidia); from the lane
paris, see you tuesday!
nov 3: @stateofai meetup with @airstreet, @gui_penedo & @JulesGiraud on robotics data & autonomous air defense.
join ai friends from @mistralai, @googledeepmind, @Meta, @elevenlabs, @bfl_ai & @nvidia!
luma.com/soai-paris pic.x.com/zxtPk2SY4u
Why this post
the most engaged post of @nathanbenaich in this conversation (34 likes, 7 reposts, 1 quotes, 4 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (Nvidia); from the lane
3. clusters
2 accounts · 2 posts · engagement 165 · the point they share: a lane term several carry
How would Meta deploy its networking clusters? How would that be different at Oracle, Nebius or Crusoe?
Clara Ee on the SemiAnalysis AI Networking Model: a bottoms-up build of every buyer's clusters that gives the BOM of each one and the networking equipment TAM. pic.x.com/xMJHG1NPc2
Why this post
the most engaged post of @SemiAnalysis_ in this conversation (71 likes, 4 reposts, 0 quotes, 11 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (clusters); from the lane
Throttled GPUs waste money. Catastrophic leaks kill clusters.
At #FullyConnected26, Jacob Yundt (VP of Engineering, Compute Architecture at CoreWeave) broke down Valvey – programmable liquid cooling built to safeguard next-gen AI compute:
🔹 10-second automatic rack shutoff to stop leaks before damage occurs
🔹 Software-driven telemetry monitoring flow rate, pressure, and temp continuously
🔹 Zero thermal throttling for 100% liquid-cooled Vera Rubin NVL72 architectures
Watch the full breakout session: crwv.co/utP2v
Why this post
the most engaged post of @CoreWeave in this conversation (49 likes, 4 reposts, 0 quotes, 10 replies as read); the point: a lane term several carry (clusters); from the lane
The posts our Industry pieces quoted
Not a feed. Each with the piece that used it.
When the circularity questions got loud November of 2025, Nvidia’s formal rebuttal was that its “strategic” investments in its customers ‘represent a minimal portion of revenue’ already booked. Granted. However, BIS’s chart is about the announced multi-year commitments. This is the forward book, part of Jensen’s “visibility” to $1 trillion. There, circular financing is nearly 100% to date.
Short Thoughts - NVDA, Neos, Hyperscalers, Jevons Paradox, and Compression open.substack.com/pub/michaeljbu…
Quoted in Who holds the Nvidia chips
That $500 billion $NVDA Wall Street stunt involves Nvidia taking 25% stakes & providing residual value guarantees on purchase of its chips. All filtered through Private Equity’s Private Credit schemes. I have an idea how that will look. Meet the new Boss. Same as the old Boss https://t.co/vzAnWLkhxI
Quoted in Who holds the Nvidia chips
For a sense of scale, this trade could represent 150,000 H100e of compute, about a quarter of our earlier modeled estimate of all chips smuggled into China through 2025.
Read our previous full report on our modeled estimates: epoch.ai/publications/c…
Quoted in Who holds the Nvidia chips
#AI chip smuggling is like an iceberg: we only see what’s above the surface. To estimate its true scale, we need to know how much is hidden below the waterline. Whether that’s 50% or 90% makes a big difference. In this Q&A, @jacob_feldgoise describes how location verification methods can—and cannot—improve enforcement of export controls on these powerful chips. Link below ⬇️
Quoted in Who holds the Nvidia chips
Signals
The filings, reports and news stories behind the Industry pieces, as each piece cites them. A document two pieces cite shows twice.
- Epoch AI, AI chip owners, cumulative by designer, 9 October 2026 data collectioncited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Epoch AI, AI chip users, year end by lab, 9 October 2026 data collectioncited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Epoch AI, Data on AI chip owners, documentation and FAQ, epoch.ai, read 9 October 2026 the source ↗cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- SEC EDGAR company facts, 9 October 2026 data collectioncited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- SEC EDGAR 10-Q and 10-K commitment facts, 9 October 2026 data collectioncited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Nvidia, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 25 January 2026, filed 25 February 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Nvidia, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 26 July 2026, filed 26 August 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Microsoft, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 30 June 2026, filed 29 July 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Amazon, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026, filed 31 July 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Alphabet, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026, filed 23 July 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Meta, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026, filed 30 July 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- Oracle, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 31 August 2026, filed 11 September 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- CoreWeave, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026, filed 12 August 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- X posts: Michael Burry, 22 July and 12 August 2026; Epoch AI, 17 September 2026; CSET, 6 October 2026cited in Who holds the Nvidia chips
- TrendForce, press release 'Strong AI Demand and Early Consumer Electronics Inventory Build Drive Top 10 Foundries to 3.7% QoQ Revenue Growth in 1Q26', 12 June 2026 the source ↗cited in The Needle's Eye
- Epoch AI, 'AI Chip Sales' and 'AI Chip Components', its estimates by chip and by designer, as Token Runner collected them on 2 October and 9 October 2026cited in The Needle's Eye
- CSET (John VerWey), 'Tracing the Emergence of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography', July 2024, executive summary the source ↗cited in The Needle's Eye
- Reuters (Toby Sterling), 'Explainer: The $250 million ASML printer behind Nvidia's chips', 28 January 2026, as carried by KELO the source ↗cited in The Needle's Eye
- CNBC (Arjun Kharpal), 'TSMC, Samsung commit to ASML's newest chipmaking tools as AI drives demand', 8 September 2026 the source ↗cited in The Needle's Eye
- ASML Holding NV, press release 'ASML reports €32.7 billion total net sales and €9.6 billion net income in 2025', 28 January 2026, as filed with the SEC on Form 6-K (Exhibit 99.1) the source ↗cited in The Needle's Eye
- Silicon Analysts, 'NVIDIA GPU Market Share 2024-2026: 87% Peak, What Comes Next', 21 February 2026 the source ↗cited in The Needle's Eye
- NVIDIA Technical Blog (Pradeep Gupta), 'CUDA Refresher: Getting started with CUDA', 6 May 2020 the source ↗cited in The Needle's Eye
Humans
The people of the 2026 Replicants list who sit in Industry: 66, by rank. A card opens the person on the Replicants page.
#3Jensen HuangFounder, president and chief executive, NVIDIAChips
#5Satya NadellaChairman and chief executive, MicrosoftHyperscalers
#9Sundar PichaiChief executive of Google and AlphabetHyperscalers
#15Tim CookExecutive chairman, AppleHyperscalers
#17Larry EllisonExecutive chairman and chief technology officer, OracleHyperscalers
#20Jeff BezosFounder of Amazon; co-chief executive of PrometheusEconomics interlinkedCapital
#24Lisa SuChair and chief executive, AMDChips
#27Andy JassyPresident and chief executive, AmazonHyperscalers#32C.C. Wei (Wei Zhejia)Chairman and chief executive, TSMCChips
#37Dylan PatelFounder, chief executive and chief analyst, SemiAnalysisContent producers
#38Hock TanPresident and chief executive, BroadcomChips
#43Ben ThompsonFounder and author, StratecheryContent producers
#45Kevin ScottChief technology officer, MicrosoftHyperscalers
#62Thomas KurianChief executive, Google CloudHyperscalers
#63Matt GarmanChief executive, Amazon Web ServicesHyperscalers
#64Michael IntratorCo-founder, chairman and chief executive, CoreWeaveChips
#65Ali GhodsiCo-founder and chief executive, DatabricksHyperscalers
#66Marc BenioffCo-founder, chair and chief executive, SalesforceHyperscalers
#67Chuck RobbinsChair and chief executive, CiscoHyperscalers
#68Jayshree UllalChair and chief executive, Arista NetworksHyperscalers
#69Michael DellFounder, chairman and chief executive, Dell TechnologiesHyperscalers
#93Palmer LuckeyFounder, Anduril IndustriesEconomics interlinkedCapital
#94Trae StephensPartner, Founders Fund; co-founder and executive chairman, AndurilEconomics interlinkedCapital
#96Rene HaasChief executive, ArmChips
#97Christophe FouquetPresident and chief executive, ASMLChips
#98Colette KressExecutive vice president and chief financial officer, NVIDIAEconomics interlinkedChips#99Sanjay MehrotraChairman and chief executive, Micron TechnologyChips
#100Amy HoodExecutive vice president and chief financial officer, MicrosoftEconomics interlinkedHyperscalers
#101Ruth PoratPresident and chief investment officer, Alphabet and GoogleEconomics interlinkedHyperscalers
#102Safra CatzExecutive vice chair of the board, OracleHyperscalers
#103Brad SmithVice chair and president, MicrosoftPolitics interlinkedPolicy / Politics
#114Andrew BosworthChief technology officer and head of Reality Labs, MetaHyperscalers
#115Chris CoxChief product officer, MetaHyperscalers
#116Swami SivasubramanianVice president, Agentic AI and Emerging Technologies, Amazon Web ServicesHyperscalers
#117Werner VogelsVice president and chief technology officer, AmazonHyperscalers
#118John GiannandreaFormer SVP, Machine Learning and AI Strategy, Apple (retired)Hyperscalers
#119Craig FederighiSenior vice president, software engineering, AppleHyperscalers
#120Eddie WuChief executive officer, Alibaba GroupHyperscalers
#121Joe TsaiChairman, Alibaba GroupHyperscalers
#122Robin LiCo-founder and chief executive, BaiduHyperscalers
#123Pony Ma (Ma Huateng)Co-founder, chairman and chief executive, TencentHyperscalers#124Zhang YimingFounder (stepped down as CEO in 2021), ByteDanceHyperscalers#125Liang RuboCo-founder, chairman and chief executive, ByteDanceHyperscalers
#126Lei JunFounder, chairman and chief executive, XiaomiHyperscalers
#127Ian BuckVice president, hyperscale and high-performance computing, NVIDIAChips#128Forrest NorrodExecutive vice president and general manager, Data Center Solutions Business Group, AMDChips
#129Victor PengChief executive officer, PsiQuantumChips#130Mark LiuFounder, TCIP Center at UC Berkeley; former chairman of TSMCChips
#131Morris ChangFounder of TSMC (retired)Chips#132Charlie KawwasPresident, Semiconductor Solutions Group, BroadcomChips
#133Pat GelsingerGeneral partner, Playground Global; former CEO of IntelChips
#134Lip-Bu TanChief executive officer, IntelChips
#135Michelle Johnston HolthausFormer CEO of Intel ProductsChips#136Peter WenninkChairman of the board, EuclydChips
#137Brian VenturoCo-founder and chief strategy officer, CoreWeaveChips
#138Arkady VolozhFounder and chief executive, Nebius GroupChips
#139Stephen BalabanCo-founder and chief technology officer, LambdaChips#140Chase LochmillerCo-founder and chief executive, CrusoeChips
#141Cristiano AmonPresident and chief executive, QualcommChips#142David ZinsnerExecutive vice president and chief financial officer, IntelEconomics interlinkedChips
#143Jeetu PatelPresident and chief product officer, CiscoChips
#144Andy BechtolsheimCo-founder and chief architect, Arista NetworksChips
#145Antonio NeriPresident and chief executive, Hewlett Packard EnterpriseHyperscalers
#146Bill McDermottChief executive officer, ServiceNowChips
#147Sridhar RamaswamyChief executive officer, SnowflakeChips
#148Matei ZahariaCo-founder and chief technology officer, DatabricksChips




